Assessing the Psychological Burden of Eco-Anxiety Among Urban Youth and the Therapeutic Role of Green Space Exposure for Public Health Interventions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70062/greenhealth.v1i4.258Keywords:
Eco Anxiety, Emotional Resilience, Green Exposure, Nature Therapy, Urban AdolescentsAbstract
This study investigates the effectiveness of green-space–based interventions in reducing eco-anxiety among urban adolescents, a population increasingly vulnerable to climate-related psychological distress. Eco-anxiety, characterized by persistent worry, cognitive overload, and emotional tension in response to environmental change, has emerged as a significant mental-health challenge. The intervention examined in this research involved structured exposure to natural environments combined with guided reflective activities over multiple sessions. Quantitative results showed a substantial reduction in eco-anxiety symptoms, with participants experiencing approximately a 30% decrease in climate-related worry after the intervention. Improvements were also observed in emotional resilience, including enhanced self-regulation, greater cognitive clarity, and improved coping capacity. Qualitative findings reinforced these outcomes, revealing that participants reported deeper emotional calm, stronger feelings of agency, and an increased sense of connectedness with nature. They described green spaces as restorative environments that helped reduce overthinking, clear mental fatigue, and create psychological grounding. These experiences appear to activate mental-restoration processes consistent with environmental psychology, suggesting that nature engagement can serve as both a preventive and therapeutic mental-health strategy. A comparison with conventional counseling approaches indicated that while standard psychological support aids emotional regulation, it often fails to address the specific ecological concerns driving eco-anxiety. In contrast, green-space exposure offers a more targeted and holistic benefit, combining physiological relaxation with meaningful emotional reassurance. The study concludes that expanding access to green spaces, incorporating nature-based therapeutic elements into public-health programs, and promoting balanced climate literacy may enhance adolescent well-being in a time of intensifying environmental challenges.
References
Aspinall, P., Mavros, P., Coyne, R., & Roe, J. (2015). The urban brain: Analysing outdoor physical activity with mobile EEG. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(4), 272 – 276. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091877
Becht, A., Spitzer, J., Grapsas, S., van de Wetering, J., Poorthuis, A., Smeekes, A., & Thomaes, S. (2024). Feeling anxious and being engaged in a warming world: climate anxiety and adolescents’ pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 65(10), 1270 – 1282. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14035
Bettmann, J. E., Speelman, E., Blumenthal, E., Couch, S., & McArthur, T. (2024). How Does Nature Exposure Affect Adults With Symptoms of Mental Illness? A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 33(6), 1889 – 1907. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13400
Bettmann, J. E., Speelman, E., Blumenthal, E., Couch, S., & Schmalz, D. L. (2024). Nature Exposure, Even as Little as 10 Minutes, is Likely to Yield Short-Term Benefits for Adults with Mental Illness: A Meta Analysis. Ecopsychology, 16(3), 174 – 190. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2023.0063
Beute, F., & de Kort, Y. A. W. (2018). Stopping the Train of Thought: A Pilot Study Using an Ecological Momentary Intervention with Twice-Daily Exposure to Natural versus Urban Scenes to Lower Stress and Rumination. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 10(2), 236 – 253. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12128
Boyd, C. P., Jamieson, J., Gibson, K., Duffy, M., Williamson, M., & Parr, H. (2024). Eco-anxiety among regional Australian youth with mental health problems: A qualitative study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 18(12), 1022 – 1031. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13549
Bubalo, M., Van Den Broek, K., Helbich, M., & Labib, S. M. (2024). ECO-MIND: enhancing pro-environmental behaviours and mental health through nature contact for urban youth - a research protocol for a multi-country study using geographic ecological momentary assessment and mental models. BMJ Open, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083578
Colding, J., Giusti, M., Haga, A., Wallhagen, M., & Barthel, S. (2020). Enabling relationships with nature in cities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114394
Cosh, S. M., Ryan, R., Fallander, K., Robinson, K., Tognela, J., Tully, P. J., & Lykins, A. D. (2024). The relationship between climate change and mental health: a systematic review of the association between eco-anxiety, psychological distress, and symptoms of major affective disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06274-1
de Bell, S., Alejandre, J. C., Menzel, C., Sousa-Silva, R., Straka, T. M., Berzborn, S., Bürck-Gemassmer, M., Dallimer, M., Dayson, C., Fisher, J. C., Haywood, A., Herrmann, A., Immich, G., Keßler, C. S., Köhler, K., Lynch, M., Marx, V., Michalsen, A., Mudu, P., & Bonn, A. (2024). Nature-based social prescribing programmes: Opportunities, challenges, and facilitators for implementation. Environment International, 190, 108801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108801
Erol, D. (2024). Early Childhood Eco-Anxieties Regarding Environmental Problems. Science Education International, 35(4), 311 – 321. https://doi.org/10.33828/sei.v35.i4.2
Grigoletto, A., Toselli, S., Zijlema, W., Marquez, S., Triguero-Mas, M., Gidlow, C., Grazuleviciene, R., de Berg, M., Kruize, H., Maas, J., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2023). Restoration in mental health after visiting urban green spaces, who is most affected? Comparison between good/poor mental health in four European cities. Environmental Research, 223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115397
Kasatkina, D. A., & Nekhorosheva, E. V. (2023). A Phenomenological Study of Human Experiences to Environmental Issues1; [ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕЖИВАНИЙ ГОРОЖАН В СВЯЗИ С ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ТЕМАМИ1]. Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, 89, 134 – 151. https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/89/8
Kim, M. (2018). Influence of perceptual range on human perceived restoration. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093139
Krellenberg, K., Welz, J., Link, F., & Barth, K. (2017). Urban vulnerability and the contribution of socio-environmental fragmentation: Theoretical and methodological pathways. Progress in Human Geography, 41(4), 408 – 431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132516645959
Léger-Goodes, T., Malboeuf-Hurtubise, C., Mastine, T., Généreux, M., Paradis, P.-O., & Camden, C. (2022). Eco-anxiety in children: A scoping review of the mental health impacts of the awareness of climate change. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872544
Lerolle, A., Micoulaud-Franchi, J.-A., Fourneret, P., Heeren, A., & Gauld, C. (2024). Exploring the relationship between eco-anxiety and suicide risk in adolescents with mental health disorders: insights from a cross-sectional observational study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1408835
Liu, Z., Chen, X., Cui, H., Ma, Y., Gao, N., Li, X., Meng, X., Lin, H., Abudou, H., Guo, L., & Liu, Q. (2023). Green space exposure on depression and anxiety outcomes: A meta-analysis. Environmental Research, 231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116303
Mondal, S., Kar, J., Bagchi, E., & Mukhopadhyay, U. (2024). Eco-anxiety in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health. Climate Change Management, Part F2915, 347 – 368. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58261-5_15
Pihkala, P. (2018). ECO-ANXIETY, TRAGEDY, AND HOPE: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL DIMENSIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE. Zygon, 53(2), 545 – 569. https://doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12407
Romano, L., Russo, C., Carbone, G. A., Clemente, D., Imperatori, C., Fiorilli, C., & Panno, A. (2024). Adolescents’ Climate Anxiety Is Related to Participation in Pro-Environmental Movements Through Social Media Usage: Boys Show Greater Associations Than Girls. Ecopsychology, 16(2), 158 – 171. https://doi.org/10.1089/eco.2023.0013
Song, S., Xiao, Y., Tu, R., & Yin, S. (2024). Effects of thermal perception on restorative benefits by green space exposure: A pilot study in hot-humid China. Urban Climate, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101767
Subiza-Pérez, M., Korpela, K., & Pasanen, T. (2021). Still not that bad for the grey city: A field study on the restorative effects of built open urban places. Cities, 111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.103081
Timm, S., Dearborn, L., & Pomeroy, J. (2018). Nature and the City: Measuring the Attention Restoration Benefits of Singapore’s Urban Vertical Greenery. Technology Architecture and Design, 2(2), 240 – 249. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2018.1497377
Wilkie, S., & Davinson, N. (2021). Prevalence and effectiveness of nature-based interventions to impact adult health-related behaviours and outcomes: A scoping review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104166
Xie, B., & Tan, X. (2024). The causal effect of urban green space on the mental health of different social groups using stratified analysis. Progress in Geography, 43(1), 110 – 124. https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2024.01.008
Zhang, R., Zhang, C.-Q., & Rhodes, R. E. (2021). The pathways linking objectively-measured greenspace exposure and mental health: A systematic review of observational studies. Environmental Research, 198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111233
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Green Health International Journal of Health Sciences Nursing and Nutrition

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

