Assessment of Inflammatory Markers (C - Reactive Protein and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein) in Preeclamptic Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Authors

  • Edebiri O.E. Ambrose Alli University
  • Akpe C. I. University of Benin
  • Adewole A.S. University of Medical Science Teaching Hospital
  • Okike P.I. Ebonyi State University
  • Ehigiamusoe E. A. Novena University
  • Ohiwerei W.O. Ohilux Global Research Diagnostic and Training Centre
  • Omende K. Imo State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70062/greenhealth.v2i1.145

Keywords:

Cardiovascular Disease Screening Test, C-reactive Protein (CRP), High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Preeclampsia

Abstract

C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are general marker for inflammation and Arterial damage results from white blood cell invasion. This study aims to assess the level  of inflammatory markers C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) in preeclamptic pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Fourty (40) consenting pregnant women were recruited from St. Philomina Catholic Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. Blood samples was spun in a bucket centrifuge at 2500 RPM (rounds per minute) for 10 minutes after which plasma was collected and stored frozen in plain sample bottles and was analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels by fluorescence immuno assay. Data obtained from this study were analysed using Graph Pad Prism 9. Results generated were expressed as mean ± SEM and a P-value of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.  The present study showed that there was statistically significant increase in the level of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) in preeclamptic women compared to normotensive pregnant women, indicating various underlying pathophysiological processes such as inflammation.

References

Armaly, Z., Jadaon, J. E., Jabbour, A., & Abassi, Z. A. (2018). Preeclampsia: Novel mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 973. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00973

Asmanidar, A., & Emilda, E. (2024). Optimizing maternal healthcare: Holistic strategies for early detection and management of preeclampsia. Science Midwifery, 12(1), 158-167. https://doi.org/10.21927/scimw.2024.12.158

Atisha-Fregoso, Y., Lima, G., Carrillo-Maravilla, E., Posadas-Sánchez, R., Pérez-Hernández, N., Baños-Peláez, M., ... & Romero-Díaz, J. (2018). C-reactive protein (CRP) polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with SLE susceptibility and activity but not with serum CRP levels in the Mexican population. Clinical Rheumatology, 37, 1817-1824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-018-4143-1

Bisaria, S., Terrigno, V., Hunter, K., & Roy, S. (2020). Association of elevated levels of inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and hypertension. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 11, 2150-3272. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720907925

Black, S., Kushner, I., & Samols, D. (2004). C-reactive protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279(47), 48487-48490. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M409771200

Boncler, M., Wu, Y., & Watala, C. (2019). The multiple faces of C-reactive protein—physiological and pathophysiological implications in cardiovascular disease. Molecules, 24(11), 2062. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112062

Denegri, A., & Boriani, G. (2021). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and its implications in cardiovascular outcomes. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 27(2), 263-275. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200203122620

Duley, L. (2009, June). The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Seminars in Perinatology, 33(3), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2009.02.010

Dyhrfort, P., Shen, Q., Clausen, F., Thulin, M., Enblad, P., Kamali-Moghaddam, M., ... & Hillered, L. (2019). Monitoring of protein biomarkers of inflammation in human traumatic brain injury using microdialysis and proximity extension assay technology in neurointensive care. Journal of Neurotrauma, 36(20), 2872-2885. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.6457

Kandelouei, T., Abbasifard, M., Imani, D., Aslani, S., Razi, B., Fasihi, M., ... & Sahebkar, A. (2022). Effect of statins on serum level of hs-CRP and CRP in patients with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mediators of Inflammation, 2022, 9834210. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9834210

Kushner, I. (2023). C-reactive protein—My perspective on its first half century, 1930-1982. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1115-1103. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1010041

Lassale, C., Batty, G. D., Steptoe, A., Cadar, D., Akbaraly, T. N., Kivimäki, M., & Zaninotto, P. (2019). Association of 10-year C-reactive protein trajectories with markers of healthy aging: Findings from the English longitudinal study of aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 74(2), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly174

Li, L., Xing, S., Wu, M., Ao, Y., Zheng, X., Cai, R., ... & Zeng, Q. (2021). Fecal CEA has an advantage in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer at early stage. Cancer Control, 28, 1073-2748. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073274821992382

Mani, P., Puri, R., Schwartz, G. G., Nissen, S. E., Shao, M., Kastelein, J. J., ... & Nicholls, S. J. (2019). Association of initial and serial C-reactive protein levels with adverse cardiovascular events and death after acute coronary syndrome: A secondary analysis of the VISTA-16 trial. JAMA Cardiology, 4(4), 314-320. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.0236

Michalczyk, M., Celewicz, A., Celewicz, M., Woźniakowska-Gondek, P., & Rzepka, R. (2020). The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Mediators of Inflammation, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3076469

Musik, J. E., Zalucki, Y. M., Day, C. J., & Jennings, M. P. (2019). Efficient function of signal peptidase 1 of Escherichia coli is partly determined by residues in the mature N-terminus of exported proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Biomembranes, 1861(5), 1018-1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.02.002

Obeagu, E. I., Muhimbura, E., Kagenderezo, B. P., Nakyeyune, S., & Obeagu, G. U. (2022). An insight of interleukin-6 and fibrinogen: In regulating the immune system. Journal of Biomedicine and Science, 11(10), 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-022-00067-0

Pepys, M. B., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2003). C-reactive protein: A critical update. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 111(12), 1805-1812. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI17921

Placha, D., & Jampilek, J. (2021). Chronic inflammatory diseases, anti-inflammatory agents, and their delivery nanosystems. Pharmaceutics, 13(1), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010064

Plebani, M. (2023). Why C-reactive protein is one of the most requested tests in clinical laboratories. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 61(9), 1540-1545. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0405

Raio, L., Bersinger, N. A., Malek, A., Schneider, H., Messerli, F. H., Hürter, H., ... & Baumann, M. U. (2019). Ultra-high sensitive C-reactive protein during normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia: A pilot study. Journal of Hypertension, 37(5), 1012-1017. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002014

Raj, D. S., Pecoits-Filho, R., & Kimmel, P. L. (2020). Inflammation in chronic kidney disease. In Chronic Renal Disease (pp. 355-373). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814969-0.00018-1

Ridker, P. M. (2003). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: A useful marker of inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Journal of Cardiology, 92(10), 34C-37C. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0914-5087(03)90794-9

Ridker, P. M., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., & Rifai, N. (2000). C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 342(12), 836-843. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200003233421201

Tajfard, M., Tavakoly Sany, S. B., Avan, A., Latiff, L. A., Rahimi, H. R., Moohebati, M., ... & Bin Abd Mutalib, M. S. (2019). Relationship between serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 234(7), 10289-10299. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27722

Valenzuela, C. A., Baker, E. J., Miles, E. A., & Calder, P. C. (2019). Eighteen carbon trans fatty acids and inflammation in the context of atherosclerosis. Progress in Lipid Research, 76, 101009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101009

Downloads

Published

2025-01-31

How to Cite

Edebiri O.E., Akpe C. I., Adewole A.S., Okike P.I., Ehigiamusoe E. A., Ohiwerei W.O., & Omende K. (2025). Assessment of Inflammatory Markers (C - Reactive Protein and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein) in Preeclamptic Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. Green Health International Journal of Health Sciences Nursing and Nutrition, 2(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.70062/greenhealth.v2i1.145